The prevalence of DD globally is around 45% which is quite high as it is a predictor of clinical outcomes among patients of T2DM Poor self-care, poor self-management, and a reduced treatment adherence among patients with diabetes are some of the negative treatment outcomes associated with DD. It is more frequent among patients with type II diabetes mellitus. DD is a big problem that accompanies emotional disturbances, stress, guilt feelings, and avoidance of treatment. One such psychological disturbance is called diabetes distress (DD). ĭiabetes could be a reason of a variety of psychological disturbances in the people suffering from it. Type-II diabetes is the most commonly occurring type that accounts for up to 90% of the total. According to National Diabetes Federation (2019), about 19 million in Pakistan from age 20 to 79 have been suffering from diabetes. In Pakistan, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is 13.7% higher in urban areas. The current scenario estimates that it will rise by 25% within 10 years to 454 million and 51% within 25 years to 548 million. It is the seventh leading cause of death, and about 422 million people live with diabetes worldwide (WHO 2020). It is concluded that cognitive behavior therapy is an effective and promising intervention for depressive symptoms, diabetes distress, and health anxiety which also helps the person to promote quality of life, treatment adherence and physical activity.ĭiabetes or diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that interferes with the human body’s ability to process and absorb glucose. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the results. Then we used different scales to assess primary and secondary outcomes: Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) to assess primary outcomes, and a Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI), a Revised Version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQLQ), and a General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) were used to investigate secondary outcomes. Medical consultants at the respective hospitals diagnosed the patients on the base of their medical reports and then referred those patients to us. All the patients completed clinical interviews and assessment measures at pre-and post-assessment stages (16 weeks intervals). Ninety patients met the eligibility criteria and were randomly assigned to experimental ( n = 45) and waitlist control (n = 45) conditions. Materials and MethodsĪ total of 130 diagnosed patients with T2DM were taken from outdoor patients services of different hospitals in Faisalabad. The present study investigated the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) to treat depressive symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using experimental and waitlist control conditions. Psychotherapeutic interventions are effective treatments to treat depressive symptoms and to improve the quality of life in many chronic diseases including diabetes. Diabetes distress typically causes depressive symptoms common comorbidity of diabetes unpleasantly affects patients’ medical and psychological functions.
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